高考英语试题设计:题型分布及试题设计(四) 5)考查综合知识和能力的题型及试题的设计 ①考查综合知识和能力的题型
高考英语试卷中的大部分试题,检测目标明确、单一,或检测考生对语言知识的掌握情况,或检测考生的听力水平、阅读理解能力或书面表达能力。同时,试卷中有些试题的检测内容较为复杂,综合性较强。在现行的英语试卷中,这类试题指的是多项选择式完形填空题和短文改错题。
(99-26至99-50)
People of Burlington are being disturbed by the sound of bells.Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the ?26? and have made up their minds to ?27? the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest(抗议) against heavy trucks which now run ?28? through the narrow High Street.
"They not only make it ?29? to sleep at night,but they are ?30? damage to our historic ?31? houses and shops,"said John Norris,18,one of the protesters.
"?32? we must have these noisy trucks on the roads,"said Jean Lacey,a biology student,17,"why don’t they build a new ?33? that passes by the town?Burlington ?isn't? much more than a ?34? village.Its streets were never ?35? for heavy traffic."
Harry Fields,19,also studying ?36? said they wanted to make as much ?37? as possible to force the ?38? to realise what everybody was having to ?39?.
"Most of them ?don't? ?40? here anymore" he said,"They come in for meetings and that,but the Town Hall's? been soundproofed(隔音),?41? they probably ?don't? ?42? the noise all that much?It's? high time they realised the ?43?"
The fourth student,Liza Vernum,said she thought the public were ?44? on their side,and even if they weren't they soon would be.
?45? asked if they were ?46? that the police might come to ?47? them.
"Not really"she said,"Actually we are ?48? bell-ringers.I.mean we are assistant bell-ringers for the church .There is no ?49? against practising"
I ?50? the church with the sound of the bells ringing in my ears.
26Achurch Bvillage Ctown Dcollege
27Aring[]Brepair[]Cbeat[] Dstart
28Anow and then[]Bday and night[]Cup and down[]Dover and over
29Adifficult[]Bnormal[]Cpossible[]Dunpleasant
30Adoing[]Bmaking[]Cputting[]Dbringing
31Aold[]Bnew[]Cbig[]dsmall
32AIf[]BAlthought[]Chen[]DUnless
33Aroad[]Bstation[]Cstreet[]Dbridge
34Alarge[]Bquiet[]Cpoor[]Dmodern
35Ameant[]Btested[]Ckept[]Dused
36Abiology[]Beducation[]Cwell[]Dhard
37Anoise[]Btime[]Ctrouble[]Deffort
38Agovernment officials Bother students
C?town's? people Dtruck drivers
39Astand[]Baccept[]Chear[]Dhare
40Alive[]Bwork[]Ccome[]dstudy
41Abut[]Bso[]Cor[]Dfor
42Anotice[]Bmention[]Clike[]Dcontrol
43Aproblem[]Bsounds[]Cbells[]Devent
44Ahardly[]Bunwillingly[]Cmostly[]Dusually
45AI[]Be[]CShe[]They
46Aworried[]Bsurprised[]Cpleased[]Ddetermined
47Astop[]Bhelp[]Cjoin[]Dcatch
48 Aproper Bexperienced Chelpful Dserious
49 Alaw Bone Cneed Dway
50 Aleft Bfound Creached Dpassed
该题型主要考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况。考生答好该题的关键是,(1)掌握一定的词汇知识,主要是熟悉词的搭配和用法;(2)具备一定的阅读理解能力,阅读后能够理解短文所提供的各项信息,包括短文的主旨大意、上下文间的逻辑关系、作者的写作意图等,并能据此作出推断;(3)有一定的生活常识。
(99-86至99-95)
Now I can't watch much television but a few year ago 86_____
I was used to watch it every nightI was often 87______
a little tired after a day's work and watch TV 88______
demands very little effortUnfortunate,there are 89_______
too many people among my familySome wanted 90______
to see the programme while others preferred 91_______
anotherI am happy with any programme but 92______
the others spent a lot time arguing and there 93______
was no way of settling the matter except by 94______
selling the setNow someone at home reads instead 95______
短文改错是一个综合性较强的题型,主要考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词法、句法、行文逻辑等的掌握情况。考生在该题的答题情况一定程度上可以反映出其书面表达的水平。
②考查综合知识和能力类试题的设计
a多项选择式完形填空题的设计
命题“完形填空”题,一般应遵循以下程序:
a)确定考查目的和考查内容;
b)选取适合于命题的素材;
c)设定各个小题。
设定小题,也就是通常所说的完形填空的挖空。
其一,文章的第一句不要设题,因为该句起着让考生熟悉语言环境的作用。其二,各类试题应均衡分布。其三,试题在短文中也应该均衡分布。其四,应尽力避免相互依存的试题。其五,应尽力避免正确答案出现于短文的其他地方,不要给考生以不该给的方便。其六,挖空短语时应注意正确项与干扰项形式上的一致。
b短文改错题的设计
a)选材
材料内容、难度应贴近考生写作的水平,长度应符合试题的要求,短文中不应该出现生词。
b)确定错误类型
材料选定后,即应该确定错误的类型,如换词、多词、去词和正确行的数量。一般来讲,英语学习者在写作时常犯的错误是错用或错写单词(因特殊需要,正确行例外),因此,该类错误的数量应该多于其他类型。
c)设定试题
设定试题时,一般应该遵循以下原则:一是错误不应该出现在一行的开头或结尾;二是每行最多只能有一处错误;三是设定的试题应该是考生平时易犯的错误。
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