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原文地址:语言教学的六个基本概念作者:鲁子问! F: ?+ o1 ~6 D' T& {$ J
语言教学的六个基本概念:语境、真实、过程、反思、互动、整合/ T' a6 G# W( ^+ s! o
! J0 L3 |* u$ ^$ a5 Y/ `6 `早在1997年,明尼苏达大学的Diane J. Tedick在 Proficiency-Oriented Language Instruction and Assessment (POLIA) Curriculum Handbook for Teachers一书的导言中总结了语言教学的六个基本概念(basic concepts):语境、真实、过程、反思、互动、整合。 1 {# [, ]7 F* D: ~0 Q
至今依然很有启发,因为总在修改各种设计,大多数问题都是语境、真实性、过程方面的问题。
6 z1 s- G6 I- ~6 l4 s: c故而,趁半分闲,炒一碗现饭(方言,意指现成的饭,剩饭的意思)。 ' M) ^+ @1 _+ p; T8 D
Contextualization of grammar involves teaching grammar in context , that is embedded in) n& n1 j P) P! l1 Y) A
meaningful language use for real communicative purposes; grammar that is presented in6 i$ ]4 d/ b% a" S! l% q" F
context enhances meaning; contextualized teaching recognizes that meaning changes
$ _" P! g# q2 V8 qdepending upon the context in which it occurs.
: H& o& P5 v: L% oAuthenticity of Text and Task—authentic texts and tasks reflect the intention of a real
7 b- o! S% k8 hcommunicative purpose for a real audience.
+ B, O" s) D- B' B4 [1 fProcess—language acquisition (be it first, second, or third...) is an ongoing process that j2 `* [/ R, d* j
requires a great deal of time, patience, thought, effort, and encouragement. Recognition of the
. C0 e' ~* O5 d8 h. P! k2 V; {, Qnature of this process needs to guide instruction and assessment.
& h4 c. d% T# N! e* YReflection—both teachers and students need time for deliberate thought, or reflection.
0 P. G& v+ _. CInteraction—learners must use language in meaningful interaction in order to learn it.
% j& W& ?9 T, u `6 o$ C% bIntegration—an integrative approach to language teaching sees the connection of languages% N, @, n, J, L2 a0 d
and cultures to what we do, how we think, and who we are./ x# G* M6 R- Z9 t6 ]* ]. x( j
of the four modalities—creating classroom activities that require students to use
7 X! e' e6 a5 w1 _! V1 M# jlanguage within two or more of the four modalities, with attention to how those" S) v% D) W, D0 F' t
modalities work within the framework of communicative modes, helps to reinforce
. X; ^; m/ S7 xthe concepts being emphasized. a- a8 a* y) p/ L" J, D
of language and content—language must be integrated with content, be it other. Q# ^; r2 {7 W: @
academic subject matters or cultural themes. A content-based approach to language
: v0 R$ M2 }. \" Y/ Oteaching emphasizes language use; language structures are emphasized in the
; {# R5 N/ v6 T3 l0 B+ O+ \context of that use. Language classrooms must become places where students and
* m" w& a# k3 xteachers understand themselves as cultural beings and begin to discover the+ Q$ t9 V+ x+ [# s6 q& n
complexity of the concept of culture as they view cultures both within and outside" }9 Y( v$ S* |* Z% r
of the U.S. from a number of perspectives.5 |5 ?5 Y4 h8 M
0 l( [4 z2 q& V* k( s" G+ s" }) }% a# y- f0 |% ]7 t
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