语言教学的六个基本概念

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原文地址：语言教学的六个基本概念作者：鲁子问
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语言教学的六个基本概念：语境、真实、过程、反思、互动、整合

" }4 u9 W8 P8 s$ e' T7 ^1 C早在1997年，明尼苏达大学的Diane J. Tedick在 Proficiency-Oriented Language Instruction and Assessment (POLIA) Curriculum Handbook for Teachers一书的导言中总结了语言教学的六个基本概念（basic concepts）：语境、真实、过程、反思、互动、整合。
8 N$ M0 p5 [1 h" k4 D至今依然很有启发，因为总在修改各种设计，大多数问题都是语境、真实性、过程方面的问题。
故而，趁半分闲，炒一碗现饭（方言，意指现成的饭，剩饭的意思）。

Contextualization of grammar involves teaching grammar in context , that is embedded in
* @7 L) ~- x& T2 m$ {. }% R+ Bmeaningful language use for real communicative purposes; grammar that is presented in
context enhances meaning; contextualized teaching recognizes that meaning changes
1 N7 A( k* Y8 }: t. ~* ]9 Y1 P. ~1 @) b& \depending upon the context in which it occurs.
' x/ n% z) d+ g2 p% |Authenticity of Text and Task—authentic texts and tasks reflect the intention of a real
  \, c  D0 @' _/ g" A) ?4 _communicative purpose for a real audience.
5 @& z( z0 F1 W/ y6 U# bProcess—language acquisition (be it first, second, or third...) is an ongoing process that
1 `6 w0 I9 C, t, M0 ]( Srequires a great deal of time, patience, thought, effort, and encouragement. Recognition of the
$ B; _" Y* y. X$ G8 enature of this process needs to guide instruction and assessment.
' L- O+ O1 }# L& iReflection—both teachers and students need time for deliberate thought, or reflection.
* F  E; P6 h" m9 ]; bInteraction—learners must use language in meaningful interaction in order to learn it.
2 p" m# Y( V. Q  C/ Y' q" g6 cIntegration—an integrative approach to language teaching sees the connection of languages
and cultures to what we do, how we think, and who we are.
- i, G4 t4 d/ E& P      of the four modalities—creating classroom activities that require students to use
  ~1 D) `, @- B: a$ q) llanguage within two or more of the four modalities, with attention to how those
modalities work within the framework of communicative modes, helps to reinforce
# c; H  L  y6 l9 G0 U6 l/ S) u" athe concepts being emphasized.
! Z1 {; \8 v1 W% O3 F/ f      of language and content—language must be integrated with content, be it other
) ~8 p4 u3 A0 I1 U0 {3 Iacademic subject matters or cultural themes. A content-based approach to language
teaching emphasizes language use; language structures are emphasized in the
context of that use. Language classrooms must become places where students and
teachers understand themselves as cultural beings and begin to discover the
& h1 b2 t% k' C1 B" P% Ocomplexity of the concept of culture as they view cultures both within and outside
of the U.S. from a number of perspectives.

语境、真实、过程、反思、互动、整合$