简单语句的真实运用语境示例(转)

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有人认为，小学生英语学得太少，无法真实运用，无法创设真实运用语境。其实非也。
为了多么简单的语言，只要能达意，就一定有真实的语用形态，一定有真实运用的语境。
记得有一次与一位世界著名外语教育专家圆桌讨论一个项目 ，当时看到This is his head.一句时，他非常惊讶地说，这不合理，因为我们从来不会这么用这个语句。
可是当他看到下面的图是儿童在组装机器人时，说：对不起，我没看到下面的图，在这样的语境下的确是可以的，大概我小时候没有玩过这个游戏。
这说明：真实语用情境往往并非是我们以为合理就合理、以为不合理就不合理的，而是需要真正把握语言运用的真实情境，才能说合理不合理。然而，语言运用的情境我们无法穷尽。
所以，对于真实语境的设计，不能妄下断言。比如Cake, cake, it's a cake. Apple, apple, it's an apple. 这样的语句看似完全不可能有合理的真实运用的语境。但，这样的语句的真实运用语境也是存在的：1、儿童看到蛋糕，想吃，又担心家长不同意，于是说Mummy, look! Cake, cake, it's a cake(尽管此处说There is a cake.更加合理，但儿童，尤其是还不会用there is的儿童，是完全可以用it's a cake结构的).   2、儿童想吃蛋糕，家长说这里没蛋糕买，儿童看到了，于是说Mummy, look! Cake, cake, it's a cake.  3、儿童玩翻牌猜物品的游戏，看到一部分之后，猜出可能是cake，于是说Cake, cake, it's a cake.  4、我们抽奖，希望抽到cake，一边抽奖，一边祈祷抽到cake，一边说Cake, cake, it's a cake. 等等。
所以，一般而言，只要一个语句存在，就应该存在相应的真实运用的语境，只是我们能否想到、创设而已，而语境创设，严格意义上与心智有关，语境活动，也与心智发展相关。
以下是几个案例，仅仅是为一套教材设计的部分活动，管窥一豹，可知心智的关联性，以为例证。

This is his head.的真实运用情境
1、学生组合机器人，一人递机器人身体部件，说：This is his head. This is his arm. This is his arm. This is his hand. This is his hand. This is his leg. This is his leg. This is his foot. This is his foot. 一人一边重复这些语句，一边组装。完成时，两人一起说：Hooray!
2、学生在捏泥人，一边捏一边解释，其他人观看：This is his head. This is his arm. This is his arm. This is his hand. This is his hand. This is his leg. This is his leg. This is his foot. This is his foot. 捏出孙悟空。

数1,2,3,45…的真实运用情境
1、孩子们在整理玩具放回玩具盒子里，数有多少个玩具，如8个
2、学生收作业后数练习本，如6本
3、孩子在摆放吃饭的碗，如5个
4、孩子们在高兴地数放飞的气球，如7个

Happy birthday的真实运用情境
1、一个小朋友对爷爷说Happy birthday, grandpa!
2、一群小朋友对一位小男孩说Happy birthday, Ben!
3、一群人对熊猫说：Happy birthday, Panpan!
4、一群年轻人在国庆节背景下说Happy birthday, China!

What’s this? 的真实运用情境
警察问Sam，Sam答，警察和Sam站着，警察在看Sam的文具盒，书包放在地上
Sam的钢笔是熊猫模样，铅笔是蛇模样，帽子是小鸟模样，生日礼物是木头宝剑。
对话内容为：
Policeman: What’s your name?
Sam: My name is Sam.
Policeman: What’s this?
Sam: It’s my pen.
Policeman: What’s this?
Sam: It’s my pencil.
Policeman: What’s this?
Sam: It’s my cap.
Policeman: What’s this?
Sam: Oh, it’s my birthday present.

Is it a …?的真实运用情境
1、两孩子看笼子里的小动物，相互询问
Child A: Look, what’s this?
Child B: Hmmm, is it a cat?
Child A: Cat? No, it isn’t.
Child B: Hmmm, is it a dog?
Adult: No, it isn’t.
Children: What’s this?
Adult: It’s a fox.
Children: A fox! Wow!
2、小孩看大人捏泥人
Child: What’s this?
Adult: Guess!
Child: Is it a bird?
Adult(继续捏): No, it isn’t.
Child: Hmmm, is it a cat?
Adult(继续捏): No, it isn’t.
Child: Oh, it’s a dog!
Adult(捏完了): Haha, yes, it is.

This is my father.的真实运用情境
1、一个小孩家里向客人展示家人照片，This is my father. This is my mother. This is my grandpa. This is my grandma. This is me.
2、成年人在用手机展示自己家人照片，This is my father. This is my mother. This is my brother. This is my sister. And this is me.
3、小孩子在介绍自己完成的泥塑，This is my father. This is my mother. This is my brother. This is my sister. And this is me.