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一、“起”适用的句型
写文章首先要知道主题是什么,主旨在哪里,其次就是要围绕主题做个开场白。英语中有不少在开始写文章时可使用的重要语句和惯用语。以下列举一些,请同学们勤加练习,以达到熟能生巧的境界。
1. As a general thing, S+V… 一般而言......
2. As a rule, S+V… 一般而言......
3. As far as I know, S+V… 据我所知......
4. As people go, S+V… 一般而言......
5. As the thing is, S+V… 常言道......
6. At large, S+V… 一般而言......
7. Curious to speak, S+V… 说来奇怪......
8. Everybody knows that + S+ V… 众所周知......
9. Frankly speaking, S+V… 坦白地说......
10. Generally speaking, S+V… 一般而言,..
11. I’m of the opinion that + S+V… 以我所见
12. In general, S+V… 一般而言......
13. In my opinion, S+V… 以我所见......
14. It can be easily proved that +S+V… ......是容易证明的。
15. It goes without saying that +S+V… 不用说......
16. It’s quite obvious that +S+V… 不须说,。
17. It’s true that +S+V… 事实是......
18. Lucky to say, S+V… 说来幸运......
19. Needless to say, S+V… 不用说......
20. No one can deny that+ S+V… 没有人可以否认......
21. One might say that + S+V… 有人或许会说......
22. On the average, S+ V… 一般而言......
23. Regretful to say, S+V… 说来遗憾......
24. Sad to say, S+V… 说来可悲......
25. Strange to say, S+V… 说来奇怪......
26. Strictly speaking, S+V… 严格地说
27. There is no doubt that + S+V… 毫无疑问......
28. There is no V-ing… ...... 是不可能的。
29. To tell the truth, S+V… 老实说......
30. To the best of my knowledge, S+V… 据我所知......
二、“承”适用的句型
承者,“继续”的意思,文章开始不错,必须以适当的语句继续下去,内容才能不断地持续。适用于“承”的基本语句有:
1.According as +S1+V1, S2+V2… 根据............
2. According to+名词,S+V… 根据............
3. As a matter of fact, S+V… 事实上......
4. As far as I’m concerned, S+V… 就我而言......
5. As far[As to] +名词 , S+V… 至于............
6. As good/ill luck would have it, S+V… 幸运地/不幸地......
7. As is often the case with + O, S+V… 对............是常有的事。
8. As it is, S+V… 实际上......
9. As regards + 名词, S+V… 关于............
10. As things are/go, S+V… 根据现在的情况......
11. Compared with+名词 , S+V… 较之............
12. Even if [Even though]+ S1+V1, S2+V2… 即使............
13. First of all, S+V… 首先......
14. For all + 名词,S+V… 虽然............
15. For example, S+ V… 例如......
16. For instance, S+ V… 例如......
17. For one thing, S+V… 一方面......
18. For the other, S+V… 另一方面......
19. From then on, S+V… 从那时起......
20. He who+V1(单数)…+ V2 (单数)… 凡是......的人......
21. I hear that + S+V… 我听说......
22. I take it for granted that + S+ V… 我认为......是理所当然的
23. If we take… into account[consideration], we + V… 如果我们考虑到......我们......
24. In accordance with +名词, S+V… 根据............
25. In addition, we should V… 此外,我们必须......
26. In all likelihood, S+V… 十有八九......
27. In comparison with+ 名词,S+V… 和......比较......
28. In fact[effect, practice, reality, truth], S+V… 事实上......
29. In nine cases out of ten, S+V… 十有八九......
30. In other words, S+V… 换句话说......
31. In relation[respect, regard, reference] to+名词,S+V… 关于............
32. In spite of + 名词,S+V… 虽然............
33. In substance, S+ V… 实质上......
34. In the beginning, S+V… 首先......
35. In the first place, S+V… 首先......
36. It is not too much to say that +S+V… ......说起来并不过分。
37. It’s said that +S+V… 据说......
38. It is to the effect that + S+ V… 大意是说......
39. No matter wh-+S1+V1, S2+V2… 无论............
40. Partly by +名词1 and (partly by) +名词2,S+V… 部分借着......部分借着........
41. Partly with +名词1 and (partly with) +名词2,S+V…部分因为......部分因为........
42. People say that + S+V… 据说......
43. People[They, Those] who+V1(复数) + V2 … 凡是......的人......
44. Ten to one, S+V… 十有八九......
45. The condition is as below/following. 情形如下
46. They say that + S+ V… 据说......
47. To all intents and purposes, S+V… 事实上......
48. To begin with, S+V… 首先......
49. To change another words, S+V… 换句话说......
50. To cite an old saying, S+V… 套句俗话......
51. To one’s astonishment, S+V… 令某人吃惊的是......
52. To one’s delight, S+V… 令某人高兴的是......
53. To one’s disappointment, S+V… 令某人失望的是......
54. To one’s excitement, S+V… 令某人兴奋的是......
55. To one’s joy, S+V… 令某人高兴的是,..
56. To one’s regret, S+V… 令某人后悔的是......
57. To one’s surprise, S+V… 令某人吃惊的是......
58. To start with, S+V… 首先......
59. To take an example, S+V… 举个例子......
60. To take…for example, S+V… 以......为例......
61. We have enough reasons to V… 我们有足够的理由......
62. We may V… in the present situation. 以当前的形势,我们可以......
63. What by +名词1+ and (what by) +名词2, S+V… 部分借着......部分借着........
64. What I must emphasize is …. 我必须强调的是......
65. What’s more, S+V… 此外......
66. What seems to be the problem is… 问题似乎是......
67. What with+名词1 and (what with)+ 名词2, S+V… 部分因为......部分因为............
68. With all + 名词,S+V… 虽然............
69. S+be said to V/to have Vp.p…. 据说,..
70. S+V, what we call, … ...... 所谓的....
三、“转”适用的句型
转者,改变写作的方向及思路,如以适当的语句,把前面起承所述的大意加以转变,则文章内容会更加生动,引人入胜。适用于“转”的基本语句有:
1.As matters[affairs, things]stand, S+V… 就现在的情形来说......
2. By contrast with +名词, S+V… 与......相对照......
3. By the way, S+V… 顺便提一下......
4. But for +名词, S+V(虚拟语气过去时or过去完成时) 若非............
5. But the crux is that + S+V… 但是症结是......
6. Can you imagine +名词 /that+S+V…/wh-+S + V…? 你能想像......吗?
7. Can’t you forget +名词 /V-ing…/to V… /that+S+V…/wh-+S+V…? 难道你能忘记....吗?
8. From now on, S+V…. 从现在起......
9. Hardly [Scarcely, Rarely]had+S1+Vp.p. before[when]+S2+V2… 一......就......
10. Have you ever+Vp.p. …? 你曾经..吗?
11. If by any chance S1+V1, S2+V2… 万一............
12. If it hadn’t been for +名词, S+V(虚拟语气过去完成时). 若非............
13. If it weren’t for +名词, S+V(虚拟语气过去时) 若非............
14. If only +S+V(虚拟语气) ! 但愿......!
15. In the event that + S1+V1, S2+V2… 如果............
16. In the meantime, S+V… 同时......
17. Incidentally, S+V… 顺便说说......
18. In the similar way, S+V… 同样地......
19. In this manner, S+V… 如此一来......
20. Indeed, S1+V1, but S2+V2… ......没错,但是......
21. It’s+强调的人、事、地、物、时+that+ (S)+V… ......正是......
22. It’s high[about]time for+不定式逻辑主语+to V… 该是......的时候
23. It’s high[about]time that+S+should V/Vp…. 该是......的时候
24. It stands to reason that + S+V… ......是理所当然的
25. No doubt, S1+V1, but S2+V2… ......没错,但是......
26. No sooner had +S1+Vp.p. … than S2 +V2…. 一......就......
27. Now that S1+V1, S2+V2… 既然............
28. Of course, S1+V1, but S2+V2… ......没错,但是......
29. On account of + N,S+ V… 鉴于........
30. On condition that +S1+V1, S2+V2… 如果............
31. On second thoughts, S+V… 再三考虑之下......
32. On the contrary, S+V… 相反地......
33. On the other hand, S+V… 另一方面......
34. On[Upon] V-ing, S+V… 一......就......
35. Owing to +名词, S+V… 鉴于............
36. Provided[providing]that S1+V1, S2+V2… 假使............
37. Put the case that+S1+V1, S2+V2… 假使............
38. Rumor has it that +S+V… 谣传......
39. Seeing that+S1+V1, S2+V2… 鉴于............
40. Suppose[Supposing(that)]+S1+V1, S2+V2… 假使............
41. The chief reason why +S+V+ is… 主要的原因是......
42. To be certain[sure], S+V… 的确......
43. To be certain[sure], S1+V1, but S2+V2… ......没错,但是......
44. To change another subject[topic], S+V… 换个话题......
45. To do one justice, S+V… 对......公平而论......
46. To make matters worse, S+V… 更糟的是......
47. To tell the truth, S+V… 老实说......
48. Under the disguise of +名词, S+V… 在......借口之下......
49. Undoubtedly[Absolutely], S+V… 毫无疑问......
50. We must recognize that + S+V… 我们必须承认......
51. What[How] about+V-ing…? ......如何?;关于......呢?
52. We cannot + be + too+形容词…. 我们越......越好
53. We cannot +V+ too +副词…. 我们越......越好
54. We cannot over-V…. 我们越......越好
55. What do you say to V-ing/名词? ......如何?
56. What if +S+V…? 要是......该怎么样?
57. What’s worse, S+V… 更糟的是......
58. Who doesn’t know + 名词/ that+S+V/wh-S+V…? 又有谁不知道......呢?
59. Who knows +名词/that+S+V/wh-S+V...? 又有谁知道......呢?
60. Without +名词, S+V(虚拟语气)…. 若非............
61. Wish to God that +S+V…! 但愿......!
62. Would that +S+V…! 但愿......!
63. Would you like to V…? 你想......吗?
64. S+V, if any. 如果有的话......
65. S+V, if a day [a man, a penny, a pound, a yard]. ..的确......
66. S+V, not to mention+ 名词. ......更不用说......
67. S+V, not to speak of + 名词. ......更不用说......
68. S+V, to say nothing of +名词. ......更不用说......
69. S+V; that is to say, S+V…. ......也就是说......
70. S+V; namely[viz.], S+V…. ......也就是说......
四、“合”适用的句型
文章由起而承而转,后就是合,这就是文章的连贯性(Coherence)。合者即结论,而结论最重要的是把全文的意思贯通,做一个言简意赅的结束,因此务必做到一针见血,铿锵有力,不拖泥带水。适合于“合”的基本语句有:
1.Above all(things), S+V…. 最重要的是......
2. According to the aforementioned, S+V… 综上所述......
3. As a result [consequence], S+V… 结果......
4. As a whole, S+V… 总而言之......
5. As long as S1+V1, S2+V2… 只要............
6. As long as we regard +O+O.C. S+V… 只要............
7. As the case stands, S+V…. 就因为这样......
8. As we know from the above, S+V…. 由上述我们可知......
9. At any rate[cost], we should V…. 无论如何,我们应该......
10. At all costs[events], we should V… 无论如何,我们应该......
11. Because of this, we can find that+ S+V…. 因为如此,我们可以知道......
12. First and last, S+V… 总之......
13. For this reason, S+V… 基于此因......
14. I’m confident that +S+V… 我确信......
15. In any case, we should V… 无论如何,我们应该......
16. In brief[short], S+V… 简而言之......
17. In conclusion, we should V… 总而言之,我们应该......
18. Judging from the above, S+V… 从以上来判断......
19. Last but not least, S+V… 最后还有一件重要的事就是......
20. Only by this can we V… 只有以此我们才能......
21. On the whole, S+V… 整体而论......
22. On this ground, S+V… 基于此种原因......
23. The long and the short of it, S+V… 总之......
24. There is no good[point, sense, use](in)V-ing… ......是没有用的
25. To be brief[short], S+V… 简而言之......
26. To make a long story short, S+V…. 长话短说......
27. To return to the subject, S+V… 言归正传......
28. To sum up[conclude], S+V…. 总之......
29. Under no circumstances should we V…. 无论如何我们绝不......
30. What we must do is (to) V…. 我们只要......就可以了。
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