语言教学的六个基本概念

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原文地址：语言教学的六个基本概念作者：鲁子问

语言教学的六个基本概念：语境、真实、过程、反思、互动、整合

& R: x& ?8 n7 u; u/ W3 g' ?& ]0 O早在1997年，明尼苏达大学的Diane J. Tedick在 Proficiency-Oriented Language Instruction and Assessment (POLIA) Curriculum Handbook for Teachers一书的导言中总结了语言教学的六个基本概念（basic concepts）：语境、真实、过程、反思、互动、整合。
- k9 q! M. a0 W至今依然很有启发，因为总在修改各种设计，大多数问题都是语境、真实性、过程方面的问题。
故而，趁半分闲，炒一碗现饭（方言，意指现成的饭，剩饭的意思）。

Contextualization of grammar involves teaching grammar in context , that is embedded in
0 t2 z4 Y! S- y4 o& A+ Wmeaningful language use for real communicative purposes; grammar that is presented in
2 k$ ^5 k% G0 p$ P# P& D  rcontext enhances meaning; contextualized teaching recognizes that meaning changes
depending upon the context in which it occurs.
) W1 Y$ g% G# _Authenticity of Text and Task—authentic texts and tasks reflect the intention of a real
# m' V% U2 |$ jcommunicative purpose for a real audience.
Process—language acquisition (be it first, second, or third...) is an ongoing process that
7 ~5 D1 r8 J4 J" T5 Irequires a great deal of time, patience, thought, effort, and encouragement. Recognition of the
2 K( D$ p- v6 f8 j6 Qnature of this process needs to guide instruction and assessment.
Reflection—both teachers and students need time for deliberate thought, or reflection.
: Z; Y  O$ _' z7 P8 fInteraction—learners must use language in meaningful interaction in order to learn it.
7 x6 y0 \; q5 a6 A+ ^Integration—an integrative approach to language teaching sees the connection of languages
7 O$ w- c! D) z' @% W( Land cultures to what we do, how we think, and who we are.
      of the four modalities—creating classroom activities that require students to use
. b9 r8 }1 m; `$ T6 P. t7 ~language within two or more of the four modalities, with attention to how those
modalities work within the framework of communicative modes, helps to reinforce
: u; i0 f+ u  H; v' @8 i% ithe concepts being emphasized.
      of language and content—language must be integrated with content, be it other
1 j! q# f3 v, ?8 D% w! f' c( Jacademic subject matters or cultural themes. A content-based approach to language
teaching emphasizes language use; language structures are emphasized in the
: I/ K* y3 H$ E0 x+ e6 Vcontext of that use. Language classrooms must become places where students and
. W" {% @- O8 G  H" Oteachers understand themselves as cultural beings and begin to discover the
( M( p7 w* W& ^0 A$ Bcomplexity of the concept of culture as they view cultures both within and outside
: a5 o$ R& V, ?of the U.S. from a number of perspectives.
* I# y( }" m% ?' ~$ I4 Q

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语境、真实、过程、反思、互动、整合$